Bearcat pomelo game 实战 -- treasures

## 概述
这是一篇通过一个简单的 treasure 捡宝的例子讲述如何使用 [Bearcat](https://github.com/bearcatnode/bearcat) 来快速, 高效的进行 [pomelo](https://github.com/NetEase/pomelo) game 开发

## 起步
### 添加 bearcat

```
npm install bearcat --save
```

添加context.json, 并指定 ***scan*** 扫描路径, 来自动扫描 POJOs
context.json
```
{
"name": "bearcat-treasures",
"scan": "app",
"beans": []
}
```

修改app.js, 添加 bearcat 启动代码
app.js
```
var contextPath = require.resolve('./context.json');
bearcat.createApp([contextPath]);

bearcat.start(function() {
Configure(); // pomelo configure in app.js
app.set('bearcat', bearcat);
// start app
app.start();
});
```

就是这么简单, bearcat 开发环境就已经搭建完毕, 之后就可以利用 bearcat 所提供的 IoC, AOP, 一致性配置等特性来编写简单, 可维护的 pomelo 应用

## 途中
### handler, remote 交由 bearcat 管理
handler, remote 都以 POJO 的形式编写
由于之前handler, remote在pomelo里面是通过 pomelo-loader 来管理的, 因此需要做一下适配转化

```
module.exports = function(app) {
return bearcat.getBean({
id: "gateHandler",
func: GateHandler,
args: [{
name: "app",
value: app
}],
props: [{
name: "dispatcher",
ref: "dispatcher"
}]
});
};
```

通过适配, gateHandler 就交给了 bearcat 来进行管理, 之后 gateHandler 需要什么依赖, 仅仅在 getBean 的 metadata 配置中描述好依赖关系就行了
上面的gateHandler例子中, 就向 bearcat 容器描述了, gateHandler 需要在构造函数中传入一个 ***app*** 对象, 在对象属性中需要一个 ***dispatcher*** 依赖

### domain 对象编写
domain 代表着数据和模型, 包括玩家player, 宝物treasure, 移动move等等
domain 里的数据要被序列化, 需要定义序列化方法, 比如toJSON

entity.js
```
var EventEmitter = require('events').EventEmitter;
var util = require('util');

var id = 1;

function Entity(opts) {
EventEmitter.call(this);
this.opts = opts || {};
this.entityId = id++;
this.kindId = opts.kindId;
this.kindName = opts.kindName;
this.areaId = opts.areaId || 1;
this.x = 0;
this.y = 0;
}

util.inherits(Entity, EventEmitter);

Entity.prototype._init = function() {
var opts = this.opts;
if (opts.x === undefined || opts.y === undefined) {
this.randPos();
} else {
this.x = opts.x;
this.y = opts.y;
}
}

Entity.prototype._toJSON = function() {
return {
x: this.x,
y: this.y,
entityId: this.entityId,
kindId: this.kindId,
kindName: this.kindName,
areaId: this.areaId
}
}

// random position
Entity.prototype.randPos = function() {
};

module.exports = {
id: "entity",
func: Entity,
abstract: true,
props: [{
name: "dataApiUtil",
ref: "dataApiUtil"
}, {
name: "utils",
ref: "utils"
}]
}
```

***entity*** 是一个抽象的bean, 意味着它只是作为子bean的模版, 并不会被实例化, 它通过对象属性依赖注入了 ***dataApiUtil*** 和 ***util***

player.js
```
var logger = require('pomelo-logger').getLogger('bearcat-treasures', 'Player');
var bearcat = require('bearcat');
var util = require('util');

function Player(opts) {
this.opts = opts;
this.id = opts.id;
this.type = null;
this.name = opts.name;
this.walkSpeed = 240;
this.score = opts.score || 0;
this.target = null;
}

Player.prototype.init = function() {
this.type = this.consts.EntityType.PLAYER;
var Entity = bearcat.getFunction('entity');
Entity.call(this, this.opts);
this._init();
}

Player.prototype.addScore = function(score) {
this.score += score;
};

Player.prototype.toJSON = function() {
var r = this._toJSON();

r['id'] = this.id;
r['type'] = this.type;
r['name'] = this.name;
r['walkSpeed'] = this.walkSpeed;
r['score'] = this.score;

return r;
};

module.exports = {
id: "player",
func: Player,
scope: "prototype",
parent: "entity",
init: "init",
args: [{
name: "opts",
type: "Object"
}],
props: [{
name: "consts",
ref: "consts"
}]
}
```

player 是 entity 的一个子类, 它通过在metadata配置中的 ***parent*** 继承了 entity prototype 里的方法
player 的scope是 prototype 的, 并且需要定义一个 init 方法, 来调用 entity 的构造函数以及 entity 的 init 方法 ***_init***

```
var Entity = bearcat.getFunction('entity');
Entity.call(this, this.opts);
this._init();
```
这里通过 bearcat.getFunction 来拿到 entity 的构造函数来进行调用

### 使用 domain
在没有bearcat的情况下, 使用domain需要自己先require进来, 然后再 new domain(), 现在你可以直接通过 getBean 来得到相应 domain 的实例

playerHandler enterScene
```
PlayerHandler.prototype.enterScene = function(msg, session, next) {
var role = this.dataApiUtil.role().random();
var player = bearcat.getBean('player', {
id: msg.playerId,
name: msg.name,
kindId: role.id
});

player.serverId = session.frontendId;
if (!this.areaService.addEntity(player)) {
logger.error("Add player to area faild! areaId : " + player.areaId);
next(new Error('fail to add user into area'), {
route: msg.route,
code: this.consts.MESSAGE.ERR
});
return;
}

var r = {
code: this.consts.MESSAGE.RES,
data: {
area: this.areaService.getAreaInfo(),
playerId: player.id
}
};

next(null, r);
};
```

```
var player = bearcat.getBean('player', {
id: msg.playerId,
name: msg.name,
kindId: role.id
});
```

player 通过 bearcat.getBean 拿到

### domain 事件的处理
移动和捡宝是通过 event 事件来处理的, 在一个 tick 时间内, 当移动到宝物的捡宝范围之内, 就会出发 ***pickItem*** 事件

```
Move.prototype.update = function() {
var time = Date.now() - this.time;
var speed = this.entity.walkSpeed;
var moveLength = speed * time / 1000;
var dis = getDis(this.entity.getPos(), this.endPos);
if (dis <= moveLength / 2) {
this.finished = true;
this.entity.setPos(this.endPos.x, this.endPos.y);
return;
} else if (dis < 55 && this.entity.target) {
this.entity.emit('pickItem', {
entityId: this.entity.entityId,
target: this.entity.target
});
}
var curPos = getPos(this.entity.getPos(), this.endPos, moveLength, dis);
this.entity.setPos(curPos.x, curPos.y);

this.time = Date.now();
};
```

触发时间后, 就向channel广播捡宝这个事件
```
player.on('pickItem', function(args) {
var player = self.getEntity(args.entityId);
var treasure = self.getEntity(args.target);
player.target = null;
if (treasure) {
player.addScore(treasure.score);
self.removeEntity(args.target);
self.getChannel().pushMessage({
route: 'onPickItem',
entityId: args.entityId,
target: args.target,
score: treasure.score
});
}
});
```

## areaService 编写
areaService 里面维护着当前area里面的玩家, 排名, 宝物等数据
它在tick时间内, 向channel广播更新着area里面的最新数据

```
AreaService.prototype.tick = function() {
//run all the action
this.actionManagerService.update();
this.entityUpdate();
this.rankUpdate();
}
```

entityUpdate 更新着area里面的entity情况
```
AreaService.prototype.entityUpdate = function() {
if (this.reduced.length > 0) {
this.getChannel().pushMessage({
route: 'removeEntities',
entities: this.reduced
});
this.reduced = [];
}
if (this.added.length > 0) {
var added = this.added;
var r = [];
for (var i = 0; i < added.length; i++) {
r.push(added[i].toJSON());
}

this.getChannel().pushMessage({
route: 'addEntities',
entities: r
});
this.added = [];
}
};
```

## 总结
在bearcat的统一管理协调下, 去除了烦人的require直接依赖关系, 可以放心大胆的进行编码甚至重构, bearcat 里面的任一组件都被有序的管理维护着, 使用时不再是一个个单一的个体, 而是一个集体

项目代码在 [bearcat-treasures](https://github.com/bearcatnode/treasures)